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String Quartet Concert Program Notes

String Quartet Concert

Saturday, November 15, 2025 - 7:00 pm


Edward R. Driggers City of Greer Center for the Arts

804 Trade St, Greer, SC 29651


Join us for an evening filled with string quartet classics and lesser-known gems!


Program Notes By: Randy Lee

Franz Schubert (1797-1828), String Quartet No. 15 – III. Scherzo (1826)

 

Schubert was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short life, Schubert left behind a vast number of works, including more than 600 Lieder (art songs in German) and other vocal works, seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music, and a large body of piano and chamber music.


His String Quartet No. 15, Schubert’s last, was written in 1826 and published posthumously in 1851. The third movement, the Scherzo, is broken into two parts: the scherzo itself and a trio. The scherzo is light-textured and fleet for much of its span, foreshadowing the works of Mendelssohn. The trio is a mild accompanied duet, first between cello and first violin, then first violin and viola, then again cello and first violin.

Aleksandr Borodin (1833-1887), String Quartet No. 2 – III. “Notturno” (1881)


Borodin was a Russian Romantic composer and chemist of Georgian–Russian parentage. He was one of the prominent 19th-century composers known as "The Five", a group dedicated to producing a "uniquely Russian" kind of classical music. Borodin is known best for his symphonies, his two string quartets, the symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia and his opera Prince Igor.


The String Quartet No. 2 was written in 1881. It was dedicated to Borodin’s wife Ekaterina Protopova. Some scholars, such as Borodin's biographer Serge Dianin, suggest that the quartet was a 20th anniversary gift and that it evokes the couple's first meeting in Heidelberg. Of its four movements, the third movement "Notturno" is the most famous. It opens with the lyrical melody of the movement played by cello, Borodin’s instrument, which is clearly his “voice” in the work. This theme also provided the tune for “And This Is My Beloved” in the musical Kismet, which is based on melodies taken from Borodin’s works. The beautiful movement often features the interplay between two instruments in a sort of “call and response” format suggesting a conversation between the instruments. 

Antonín Leopold Dvořák (1841 – 1904), String Quartet No. 12 – “American” - I. Allegro ma non troppo (1893)


Dvořák was a Czech composer. He frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the Romantic era nationalist example of his predecessor Bedřich Smetana. Dvořák's style has been described as "the fullest recreation of a national idiom with that of the symphonic tradition, absorbing folk influences and finding effective ways of using them", and Dvořák has been described as "arguably the most versatile... composer of his time".


Dvořák spent a portion of the 1890s as a director of the National Conservatory in New York City. Dvořák's main goal in America was to discover "American Music" and engage in it, much as he had used Czech folk idioms within his music. Shortly after his arrival in America in 1892, Dvořák wrote a series of newspaper articles reflecting on the state of American music. He supported the concept that African-American and Native American music should be used as a foundation for the growth of American music. He felt that through the music of Native Americans and African-Americans, Americans would find their own national style of music.


Dvořák composed his 12th string quartet (subtitled his “American” quartet) in 1893 during a summer vacation. He spent the vacation in the town of Spillville, Iowa, which was home to a Czech immigrant community. While there, he composed the entirety of the piece, which has become a very popular work in the chamber music repertoire. The first movement establishes themes that were typical of his work in America (with many similarities to the “New World” symphony, also composed during his time in the states).

Amy Beach (1867-1944) – Quartet for Strings in One Movement (1921)


Amy Marcy Cheney Beach was an American composer and pianist. She was the first successful American female composer of large-scale art music. Her "Gaelic" Symphony, premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1896, was the first symphony composed and published by an American woman. She was one of the first American composers of her era to succeed without the benefit of European training and was known as one of the most respected and acclaimed American composers. As a pianist, she was acclaimed for concerts she gave featuring her own music in the United States and in Germany.


Beach's single string quartet is one of her more mature works. The significance Beach bestowed on this piece is notable, given that it did not feature a piano part which she would perform, as did many of her other works. The final work, completed in Rome, consists of one movement divided into three sections, and thematically speaking, follows an arch form (A B C B1 A1). The piece uses three different Eskimo or Inuit melodies throughout the work: "Summer Song", "Playing at Ball", and "Itataujang's Song", taken from Franz Boas' book on the Alaskan Inuit tribes. The opening “slow” section introduces the first two songs, the first with solo viola and the second with each of the instruments. The middle faster section features the third song and develops this tune through a fugue and other musical inventions. The initial themes return to close the piece in the final slow section. Beach's use of Inuit and Native American tunes became a marked feature in several of her other works, which she used as a means of bringing stylistic modernity to her sound through the appropriation and re-contextualization of these melodies.

David Balakrishnan & the Turtle Island Quartet (1985 - present) – Spider Dreams – “Texas Tarantella” (1992)


The Turtle Island Quartet is a string quartet formed in 1985 by David Balakrishnan, Darol Anger, and Mark Summer in San Francisco. The group plays jazz standards and original compositions that cross several styles, including blues, classical, jazz, and world music. Violinist David Balakrishnan got the idea for a jazz string quartet in 1985. He invited cellist Mark Summer, who had been working for three years as a member of a Canadian orchestra. Since then, many musicians have rotated in and out of the prolific group.


Spider Dreams was a multi-movement album written by Balakrishnan and produced by the Turtle Island Quartet in 1992. The “Texas Tarantella” is an eclectic piece with multiple sections evoking the jazz/classical fusion that the group is known for. The opening and closing sections have a “mysterious” sound featuring solo violin. The second section is rhythmic and anchored by cello riffs. The third section features the two violins in a lively jazzy interplay.

Danish String Quartet (2002 - present) – Ye Honest Bridal Couple (2014) / Polska from Dorotea (2017)


The Danish String Quartet debuted at the Copenhagen Summer Festival in 2002 and quickly made a name for themselves with their award-winning performances of quartets by Beethoven, Haydn, and Brahms. They currently tour all over, performing and appearing in master classes and workshops in Europe and the U.S.


In addition to the classics, the Danish String Quartet derives great pleasure from traditional Nordic folk music. The quartet has released three albums of their arrangements of this folk music, Wood Works (2014), Last Leaf (2017), and Keel Road (2024). The following are from the quartet’s program notes regarding tonight's pieces:


Ye Honest Bridal Couple: 

These are a set of two traditional wedding tunes, one from the Faroe Islands and one from the Danish island, Fanø. The traditional music of the Faroe Islands is primarily vocal, and the first tune of this set, I Ærlige Brudefolk, is the first song to be sung and danced at Faroese weddings. It is said that it needs to be sung with such devoutness that the skirts of the women won’t move in the slightest – it is a wedding after all! We have paired this with Første Brudestykke from Sønderho – the first part of a set of three sønderhonings that to this day are still played at weddings on Fanø. These melodies date back several hundreds of years and hold a very special place in the Danish folk music tradition. The dance is in 3/4 time, but the music is in duple time, making the total experience of playing and dancing to this music unique.


Polska from Dorotea:

A famous polska, attributed to Swedish fiddler, teacher, and cantor Johan August Andersson (1866-1902) who lived in the village of Dorotea in Lapland. Andersson had quite a tragic life, losing his wife and daughter in childbirth, which resulted in a local scandal when he entered the church mid-service to publicly curse God. He was subsequently fired from his teaching position, but was allowed to stay as a cantor, because he was such a good fiddler. Later his mental derangement worsened until he was primarily known in Dorotea as “Crazy Andersson”, spending his last years alone in a small house in the middle of the village. This tune has a natural sense of gravity and swing, and an almost la follia-like progression. And although the polska dance usually tends to be a tad slower, we like it when played with “sturm and drang”!

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